Which Of The Following Is One Of Kohlberg’S Stages Of Cognitive Moral Development?
The complete account – According to the hypothesis developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, the process by which we build our capacity for moral reasoning occurs in a progression of six phases. The phases themselves are divided into three distinct levels, which are referred to as pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional, respectively.
What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
The complete account – According to the hypothesis developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, the process by which we build our capacity for moral reasoning occurs in a progression of six phases. The phases themselves are divided into three distinct levels, which are referred to as pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional, respectively.
Which of the following is not a stage of moral development theory given by Kohlberg?
Option 1: The social compact and social rights is the answer (the detailed solution is below). The Moral Development as Explained by Kohlberg’s Theory:
- In his research on the formation of morality, Lawrence Kohlberg posed difficult moral questions to several age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults. These conundrums are presented in the form of stories
- one of Kohlberg’s most famous dilemmas is a guy named Heinz who is faced with the decision of whether or not to steal medicine or to watch his wife pass away.
- Kohlberg was interested not in the response itself but rather in the reasoning children offered for their replies. He outlined two phases of moral reasoning at each of the three main levels of moral reasoning that he distinguished, which were pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
The six phases of moral growth identified by Kohlberg are:
| Pre-conventional | Obedience and punishment | Based on avoiding punishment, a focus on the consequences of actions, rather than intentions; intrinsic deference to authority |
| Individualism and exchange | The “right” behaviors are those that are in the best interest of oneself, tit for tat mentality | |
| Conventional | Interpersonal relationships | Good boy/ Good girl attitude sees individuals as filling social roles |
| Authority and social order | Law and order as highest ideals, | |
| Post-conventional | Social contract | Begin to learn other’s have different values; the realization that law is contingent on culture |
| Universal principle | Develop internal moral principle |
Important Points The development of moral psychology was significantly aided by Kohlberg’s theory, which was a significant contributor. Despite the fact that the theory has had a significant amount of impact, certain components of the theory have been criticized for the following reasons:
- Moral reasoning does not equal moral activity: Kohlberg’s theory is concerned with moral thinking, but there is a significant gap between understanding what we ought to do and our actual acts. Moral reasoning and moral behavior are not the same thing. Therefore, moral thought might not necessarily result in moral conduct.
- Overemphasizes justice: Detractors of Kohlberg’s theory of moral growth have remarked that it places an excessive amount of emphasis on the idea of fairness when it comes to making moral decisions. It’s possible that factors like compassion, care, and other interpersonal sentiments have a significant role in moral reasoning. [Citation needed] 9
- Bias based on culture: Individualist cultures place a greater emphasis on personal rights, whereas collectivist cultures place a greater emphasis on the significance of society and community. Kohlberg’s thesis does not take into consideration the possibility that eastern civilizations with a collectivist orientation may have distinct moral outlooks. The cultural distinctions in moral thinking were not taken into consideration by Kohlberg.
- Discrimination based on age: the majority of his subjects were youngsters under the age of 16, and it was clear that they had no prior experience with marriage. These youngsters may not have been able to grasp the Heinz problem because it was too abstract for them, and the outcomes may have been different if they had been presented with a situation that was more relevant to their day-to-day issues.
- A theory was suggested by Kohlberg without taking into account the fact that men and women are different. Because all of the people who participated in Kohlberg’s study were men, his detractors, notably Carol Gilligan, have asserted that his theory is skewed toward men and is thus prejudiced in that direction. Kohlberg argued that women tended to remain at the third level of moral growth because they place a greater focus on things such as social ties and the welfare of others. Men, on the other hand, tended to advance to higher levels of moral development.
- Kohlberg asserted that moral thinking is developmental, but it is not. Kolberg made the proposal that moral reasoning is developed through time
- however, this is not the case. According to Kohlberg’s theory, it is not the anticipated behavior for a grown adult to conduct according to fear of punishment from his parents. However, this type of behavior is possible.
Because social rights is not a component of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, we are able to draw the conclusion that social rights is not acknowledged in Kohlberg’s theory of moral growth.
What are the six stages of moral development according to Kohlberg discuss each?
Levels – Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional were the three categories that were used to organize Kohlberg’s six stages of development. It is quite unusual for a child to go backward in stages, according to Piaget’s constructivist prerequisites for a stage model (for further information, see the theorist’s theory of cognitive development).
- Even yet, nobody ever operates at their peak performance during their whole life.
- It is also not feasible to “jump” phases; each level presents a new yet required perspective, and is more extensive, differentiated, and integrated than its predecessors were.
- Jumping stages is not possible.
- Level 1 (Pre-Conventional) 1.
An emphasis on obedience and retribution orientation 2. A focus on one’s own self-interest (asking, “What’s in it for me?”) Level 2 (Conventional) 3. agreement and compliance in interpersonal relationships (the attitude of being a nice lad or girl).4. An attitude that upholds authority and the established social order ( Law and order morality ) Level 3 (Post-Conventional) 5.
Which are stages of Kohlberg’s theory from the following Mcq?
Answer (Detailed Solution Provided Below) – Choice 2: Morality on the Conventional Level The ‘Theory of Moral Development’ was developed by an American psychologist by the name of Lawrence Kohlberg. [Citation needed] In his theory, which may be broken down into three levels and six phases, he has conducted an in-depth examination of the process of moral growth.
- Children tend to make choices with the intention of pleasing others.
- Children work hard to keep up their relationships with their peers.
- Children tend to focus their efforts on gaining the favor of their peers.
Therefore, one may reach the conclusion that the ‘Good Boy / Good Girl orientation’ is indicative of ‘Conventional Morality’ in accordance with Kohlberg’s theory. Important Points If you want to become familiar with all of the stages of Kohlberg’s theory, go to the table.
| Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality | Stage 1: The Obedience & Punishment Orientation – behaviour driven by avoiding punishment | Stage 2: Naive Hedonistic and Instrumental Orientation – behaviour driven by self-interest and rewards |
| Level 2: Conventional Morality | Stage 3: Good Boy – Good Girl Orientation – behaviour driven by social approval | Stage 4: The Law & Order Orientation: behaviour driven by obeying authority and conforming to social order |
| Level: Post-conventional Morality | Stage 5: The Social Contract Orientation: behaviour driven by a balance of social order and individual rights | Stage 6: The Universal Ethical Principle Orientation: behaviour driven by internal moral principle. |
What are the 4 stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor stage (0–2 years old) Preoperational stage (2–7 years old) Concrete operational stage (7–11 years old) Formal operational stage (11 years old through adulthood)